Remarkable Field Operations

Read 4 min

Do you want a strong Field Ops group in your organization? If so, where is the list? Where is the checklist for you to get started? Well, the wait is over. Check out the checklist below and get started on your journey with strong Field Operations:

 
 
 

First Step:

  • Align expectations of all field positions levels

  • Align pay structures

  • Align goal setting and performance reviews

  • Align incentive programs

  • Create a monthly Super meeting where top leaders are trained, and all leaders are trained

Second Step:

  • Create a field leadership group

  • Start Bi-monthly Craft training

  • Create a Craft progression program that allows Craft to learn in the field engineering role (builder) as they head toward becoming Supers

  • Focus field leadership around the following focuses:

  • Safety

  • Self-perform

  • Planning & Scheduling

  • Survey

  • Quality

Third Step:

  • Standardize all processes and systems

  • Deploy standardized signage

  • Brand and package safety program to align with new systems

  • Deploy Builder & Super Boot Camps

Fourth Step:

 
  • Designate General Superintendents

  • Have field representation on the leadership team

  • Implement a 2 second lean continuous improvement system

  • Begin a monthly field builder professional development effort

  • Create leads for Safety, Survey, Quality, Scheduling, and Self Perform

Whatever your approach is to strengthening your field operations, you will be benefited. Every business must focus on marketing, finances, legal, operations, and the product. Please remember what is built in the field is the product, and there must be product representation within your leadership.

If you want to learn more we have:

-Takt Virtual Training: (Click here)
-Check out our Youtube channel for more info: (Click here) 
-Listen to the Elevate Construction podcast: (Click here) 
-Check out our training programs and certifications: (Click here)
The Takt Book: (Click here)

Discover Jason’s Expertise:

Meet Jason Schroeder, the driving force behind Elevate Construction IST. As the company’s owner and principal consultant, he’s dedicated to taking construction to new heights. With a wealth of industry experience, he’s crafted the Field Engineer Boot Camp and Superintendent Boot Camp – intensive training programs engineered to cultivate top-tier leaders capable of steering their teams towards success. Jason’s vision? To expand his training initiatives across the nation, empowering construction firms to soar to unprecedented levels of excellence.

On we go!

Upcoming Super Boot Camp

Read 2 min

Are you ready to take your next step as a Superintendent? Join us for our next Super Boot Camp. If you are interested, please send an email to Jason at jasons@taktguide.com or text at 602.571.8987.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
 

If you want to learn more we have:

-Takt Virtual Training: (Click here)
-Check out our Youtube channel for more info: (Click here) 
-Listen to the Elevate Construction podcast: (Click here) 
-Check out our training programs and certifications: (Click here)
The Takt Book: (Click here)

Discover Jason’s Expertise:

Meet Jason Schroeder, the driving force behind Elevate Construction IST. As the company’s owner and principal consultant, he’s dedicated to taking construction to new heights. With a wealth of industry experience, he’s crafted the Field Engineer Boot Camp and Superintendent Boot Camp – intensive training programs engineered to cultivate top-tier leaders capable of steering their teams towards success. Jason’s vision? To expand his training initiatives across the nation, empowering construction firms to soar to unprecedented levels of excellence.

On we go!

Great Guides for Supers

Read 2 min

We have distilled some of the best wisdom from history into a few key graphics that will help Superintendents in their role. Check them out below:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

If you want to learn more we have:

-Takt Virtual Training: (Click here)
-Check out our Youtube channel for more info: (Click here) 
-Listen to the Elevate Construction podcast: (Click here) 
-Check out our training programs and certifications: (Click here)
The Takt Book: (Click here)

Discover Jason’s Expertise:

Meet Jason Schroeder, the driving force behind Elevate Construction IST. As the company’s owner and principal consultant, he’s dedicated to taking construction to new heights. With a wealth of industry experience, he’s crafted the Field Engineer Boot Camp and Superintendent Boot Camp – intensive training programs engineered to cultivate top-tier leaders capable of steering their teams towards success. Jason’s vision? To expand his training initiatives across the nation, empowering construction firms to soar to unprecedented levels of excellence.

On we go!

Takt Process Resource

Read 3 min

Takt planning is like a super helpful tool for construction projects. It’s a way to spot problems quickly and make everything run smoother. Imagine it as a map that shows where things might go wrong on a construction site. This map is easy to understand, even if you’re not an expert. It helps people in charge make better decisions by letting them see potential issues ahead of time.

The main goal is to keep the work moving steadily, so projects get done on time and on budget. Takt planning is a real game-changer in construction management, all about spotting problems and making things flow better, just like we mentioned: A system that can show us our problems so that we can fix them and increase flow on our construction projects.

The attached excel sheet can be used as a source for Takt Dials and Value Progression Options.

 

If you want to learn more we have:

-Takt Virtual Training: (Click here)
-Check out our Youtube channel for more info: (Click here) 
-Listen to the Elevate Construction podcast: (Click here) 
-Check out our training programs and certifications: (Click here)
The Takt Book: (Click here)

Discover Jason’s Expertise:

Meet Jason Schroeder, the driving force behind Elevate Construction IST. As the company’s owner and principal consultant, he’s dedicated to taking construction to new heights. With a wealth of industry experience, he’s crafted the Field Engineer Boot Camp and Superintendent Boot Camp – intensive training programs engineered to cultivate top-tier leaders capable of steering their teams towards success. Jason’s vision? To expand his training initiatives across the nation, empowering construction firms to soar to unprecedented levels of excellence.

On we go!

Takt Leveling Production

Read 8 min

The key to the future of construction is Takt planning & control that we like to call the Takt Production System. This system works seamlessly in concert with The Last Planner® System & Scrum to be the only three planning and scheduling systems and tools needed for construction. All three are focused on the right things, flow and value.

 
 

Above are three separate options for a large civil project from an awesome contractor Petticoat-Schmitt that we created in about a half hour. We looked at only what we can do with leveling production to find the common rhythm we found a way to cut 40-25% of the overall duration while also including in that cut an additional 8% buffer into the plan making this not only exponentially better but more likely to be archived.

Option 1 you will see how each scope of work is working at their own capacity, this takt simulation is 15-20% better than the CMP, This duration comes in around 75 days total duration.

Option 2 we realized we could increase our throughput if we cut the zones in half with our crew we have available (there are three crews to achieve Takt wagons A-E). When we found this optimization we added in some buffers and held the date around 75 days giving us that more likelihood to be able to achieve this schedule. This one is more than 15-20% better than the CPM because we added more buffer time into the plan as we didn’t have very much in Option 1.

Option 3 This is the best duration we found coming in at 60 days but with the most buffers (10 days of buffer throughout this schedule). This option is 40% better than the original CPM schedule. We did have a question about if Trade H with their equipment would be able to adjust to the rhythm that we have in Option 3 so we made……

Option 4 where we took away a buffer day and we back to the original production for H and changed J a bit because we could with these changes this making our cost decrease too. Our final two options are the ones we are looking into to see which one will work per the systems constraints, resources, work force and trades. This means we will for sure cut our overall project duration by 40-38% and still be giving each trade the same about of time….

Yes this is achievable, and no this is not a trick, it is what we have all been wishing for. A system that can show us our problems so that we can fix them and increase flow on our construction projects. This is available to you right now, We are not selling software and do not believe that you need anything other than excel to start. In fact if you want, we have a book that you can listen to for free right now to understand these principles to learn what we call “The Takt Production System”.

At Elevate Construction and leanTakt we believe Takt is the key to alleviating the issues in construction like the high statistics we have in the construction industry such as: work life balance, alcoholism, divorce, stress, safety incidences & deaths and even worse suicide. We do not want to be what holds back Takt from taking hold in our industry so we believe in making this tool as free as possible.

After helping hundreds of projects use Takt I have personally seen some projects cut schedule by more than half using Takt. This does not mean that every project type can be cut by this much but simply a data point to convey the possibilities with this system. not to mention that everyone can read it and that it will allow you to be able to achieve flow and focus most of your time finding and removing roadblocks.

If you want to learn more we have:

-Takt Virtual Training: (Click here)
-Check out our Youtube channel for more info: (Click here) 
-Listen to the Elevate Construction podcast: (Click here) 
-Check out our training programs and certifications: (Click here)
The Takt Book: (Click here)

Discover Jason’s Expertise:

Meet Jason Schroeder, the driving force behind Elevate Construction IST. As the company’s owner and principal consultant, he’s dedicated to taking construction to new heights. With a wealth of industry experience, he’s crafted the Field Engineer Boot Camp and Superintendent Boot Camp – intensive training programs engineered to cultivate top-tier leaders capable of steering their teams towards success. Jason’s vision? To expand his training initiatives across the nation, empowering construction firms to soar to unprecedented levels of excellence.

On we go!

Is Takt Really Magic?

Read 7 min

By: Kevin Rice

Something I asked my self as I started researching Takkt and its benefits. Like you; I am newer to Takt planning and thought I would take a concept that intrigued me and start to explore my findings.

 
 
 

Scheduling with Takt allows you to take a project with a linear schedule and implement strategic overlapping. This leads to shorter project duration and more buffer time, but how is this possible?

Today I’d like to dive deeper into Little’s “Takt” Law, also called Dlouhy & Binninger’s Law. This law describes the relationship between inputs in a Takt plan. It goes something like this:

(Takt Wagons + Takt Zones – 1) x Takt Time = Total Duration

(TW + TZ – 1) x TT = TD

I’m sure that most of you are familiar with this idea, but I wanted to dive into the math and really understand how this works, so I turned to one of my best friends, Excel. Yeah, I’m weird like that.

 

I started by building a simple matrix that showed a few of the possible Takt plans for a given set of inputs and the actual Takt flow diagram for each one. It looked like this:

 
 
 

Once I built the matrix I found I had more questions than I did when I started. Questions like:

  • What is the “best” Takt plan for this set of inputs?

  • Why does each trade get 2 extra days when going from 2 sequences to 4 sequences? And why do they get 6 extra days when going to 8 sequences?

  • What about other numbers of sequences?

To answer these questions I turned back to my friend Excel and graphed out what the theoretical lower limit for this set of inputs ranging from 1 and 10 sequences.

 
 
 
 
 

This shows the Law of Diminishing Returns when Takt planning. This graph is great, but it is theoretical and I wanted to see what happens when you take it to the real world. We don’t often work in half day increments and it is common to round these up to the nearest day or week. Adding this real life constraint of rounding each Takt time up to the nearest unit changes things significantly. So back to excel I went and here is what happens.

 

 
 
 
 

Crazy stuff right! Rounding changes everything! You can see how important it is to know some of this information up front during the planning phases of your project. Understanding how it affects duration is critically important to formulate the best Takt plan. Notice that the theoretical lower limit intersects with certain numbers of sequences or zones. These Takt plans will be lean and mean, but not always possible, or desired. Sometimes a certain number of sequences or zones is better for a particular project, but it is important to know how this affects the Takt plan relative to possibilities. This way a more informed decision can be made to balance all of the factors involved in completing large scale projects.

Rounding is also where the extra 2 days and 6 days of trade work come from. Rounding each Takt time up accrues over the project. This gives each trade more time on the project and still reduces the overall project duration. It became obvious that the utility of a tool that would model all the different possible Takt plans for any given set of inputs would really help to optimize Takt planning and allow for a more efficient and strategic overall plan.  

 

 

If you want to learn more we have:

-Takt Virtual Training: (Click here)
-Check out our Youtube channel for more info: (Click here) 
-Listen to the Elevate Construction podcast: (Click here) 
-Check out our training programs and certifications: (Click here)
The Takt Book: (Click here)

Discover Jason’s Expertise:

Meet Jason Schroeder, the driving force behind Elevate Construction IST. As the company’s owner and principal consultant, he’s dedicated to taking construction to new heights. With a wealth of industry experience, he’s crafted the Field Engineer Boot Camp and Superintendent Boot Camp – intensive training programs engineered to cultivate top-tier leaders capable of steering their teams towards success. Jason’s vision? To expand his training initiatives across the nation, empowering construction firms to soar to unprecedented levels of excellence.

On we go!

Why Huddle Boards?

Read 12 min

What is the purpose of a huddle board?

A huddle board should let us see if we are winning daily. It allows everyone on the project site to see as a group, know things as a group, and act together as a group. The purpose is to run the project, and not let it run us. We cannot manage what we cannot measure, and we cannot measure what we cannot see. Huddle boards are for helping us see what winning looks like, so we can own the gap between where we are and where we want to go.

 
 

Here are some guidelines:

1. Everything should be out of our heads. The schedule, the logistics, the strategy, and the problems. None of it belongs in our head or the head of the superintendent. Your mind is for having ideas, not holding them. Huddle boards are supposed to hold them. The reason an inexperienced superintendent is constantly fighting fires and on the phone is because the visual huddle board for the project is in their head. Get it out of your head, and the people will begin interacting with the information and figuring things out for themselves.

2. Everyone every day should be able to see what winning looks like

 

How do you use your huddle board?

Here are some helpful guidelines for using a huddle board:

1. Keep it shut overnight and when not in use.

2. Lock it.

3. Use the newer versions that are moisture tight and don’t ruin the papers inside.

4. Use a squeegee to clean off the face of the huddle board in the morning when presenting to the workers.

5. Keep a rag on hand to finish cleaning the face of the glass off.

6. Use large dry-erase markers on the front to communicate with workers.

7. The idea is to keep the schedule updated weekly, open the front screen to edit the materials inside with the foremen, and then to close the front screen ahead of the worker huddle so you can use the markers to communicate the plan the next day.

 
 
 

Why do we have a Takt plan?

The Takt plan shows where we are, where we are going, and how delays impact our milestones and deadlines. Without knowing the overall plan we cannot strategize and make corrections to the project plan. We should be able to see flow, target dates, buffers, and deadlines. Without this, there is no way to see the impacts of changes, get help, and request needed funds or time from the owner. The superintendent must keep this plan up to date personally every week if not every day.

 

Why do we have a Logistics Plan?

To win on our projects we must only handle things once. That means materials, stock piles, installations, and routes. We need to play the staging of all these things before they arrive on site or show up. If we do that, we will reduce waste, respect people, and make money. We can coordinate this as we visually show the plan for the day on the logistics plan to the entire team.

 

Why do we track roadblocks?

The super, PM, PX, and company leaders are all professional roadblock removers. The two main rules in construction are: Keep the flow, and keep the team balanced. We keep the flow by seeing and removing roadblocks before they affect the work, and we keep the team balanced by sharing the load and working together. Every day a superintendent needs to gather information about roadblocks from the team so s/he can work with the PM in the team daily huddle to remove roadblocks together, and keep work moving forward.

 

Why do we target certain codes for production by foreman?

If we bid a project at 8%, our estimate shows 8%, our budget meetings show 8%, our schedule shows 8%, and our production trackers show 8%. But we want a higher % to fund bonuses. So, what do we do? Great question! We show key production codes that we can use to do better than the estimate, and we visually show that production rate for everyone to see. That way, the team can track daily progress to hitting those targets. We will never get higher than our estimate % gross margin unless we target that number. These code trackers target that number.

 

What meetings do you host?

There are two meeting we must host. The afternoon foreman huddle, and the morning worker huddle.

The purpose of the Afternoon Foreman Huddle is to do the following in addition to the normal agenda:

1. Mark what activities were and were not completed the day before.

2. What activities have to be done tomorrow to keep schedule.

3. Where deliveries, staging, and stock piles will be located.

4. Prepare work and find roadblocks for the super and PM to remove.

5. Discuss production targets and make plans to do better.

6. Make a plan for the next day.

 

The purpose of the Morning Worker Huddle is to communicate the plan for the day to the workers. It is crucial to show in red where we are not winning according to our plan and to engage the minds of all workers and foremen in solving the problems and improving each day.

Here are some questions for us:

 

1. How can we manage the schedule without a visual schedule?

2. How can we only handle things once if we do not all know where things go?

3. How can we create flow unless we see and remove roadblocks together?

4. How can we get to a higher % unless we know what key scopes will get us there and what production rate we need to hit to get there?

The answers are obvious.

We use huddle boards because we only win as a team. Navy seals win as a team. Olympic champions win as a team. Race car drivers win in a team. Companies win a as a team, and to win as a team, we must see as a team, know the status of the project as a team, and act together to improve it.

 

If you want to learn more we have:

-Takt Virtual Training: (Click here)
-Check out our Youtube channel for more info: (Click here) 
-Listen to the Elevate Construction podcast: (Click here) 
-Check out our training programs and certifications: (Click here)
The Takt Book: (Click here)

Discover Jason’s Expertise:

Meet Jason Schroeder, the driving force behind Elevate Construction IST. As the company’s owner and principal consultant, he’s dedicated to taking construction to new heights. With a wealth of industry experience, he’s crafted the Field Engineer Boot Camp and Superintendent Boot Camp – intensive training programs engineered to cultivate top-tier leaders capable of steering their teams towards success. Jason’s vision? To expand his training initiatives across the nation, empowering construction firms to soar to unprecedented levels of excellence.

On we go!

How do you Apply Kingman’s Formula?

Read 13 min

THEORETICALLY

I will preface my comments and say we are all at different stages in our LeanTakt journey in the construction industry; and the fact that the US market is still clinging to the CPM tools of yesteryear makes this question problematic to answer generally. So I am choosing to refer my comments mainly for the US market even though we have a broad coalition of international leanTakt folks that might disagree with some of my generalities. (for instance in Germany over 50% of construction projects are planned and executed using Takt, according to experts from the region).

The sooner we can understand (and help our clients understand) that we will encounter variation on our projects; the better off we will be. Because we will encounter and have to deal with variation on every single project that we will ever be a part of.

In the amazing book The Goal (which is a must read for everyone in construction!). The Author Eli Goldratt wrote about an issue that is near impossible to predict 100% but needs to be accounted for. He called this Statistical Fluctuation because of this what I call “variation”the straight production math does not work out. Mike Tyson’s famous quote applies here: “everyone has a plan until they get punched in the face”.

in the book Alex Bogo (main character) also figured out that only a few processes in his manufacturing plant need to be working at a high utilization or capacity. These are the systems bottlenecks. Again if you have yet to read this book you are missing out on why construction production has been stagnating for decades (see chart Below).

 

 

So when planning and you are new to takt planning the easy thing to remember is what Katherine said, we know about this and need to account for it….. But hold on I have some great value on a process on how to do this today right now that will help you even if you have not found a way to capture either the variation or utilization. It is called work packaging and buffer management.

Work Packaging

When you know your sequential work flow in a production area that I would call a takt zone

 
 

from say a phase pull plan (see Last Planner® System)

 
 

you now have the opportunity to systematize your production line into Takt wagons that are aligned to your bottlenecks production, the rule of thumb we follow when doing this is that the Takt time should be aligned with the bottleneck in some form (there are various ways of doing this). Next you “package” the work packages (the individual sticky notes from the pull plan) together into groups that can be in the same zone at the same time. These are called Takt Wagons.

 

You will add in integrated buffer to account for some of these effects mostly for the non bottleneck work packages. For the bottlenecks we use Buffer Management in the next section. Again this is where you would theoretically just add in some buffer to account for our variation and utilization.

A=VUT

T is identified primarily from the phase pull plan above

V&U are accounted for with work-packaging and buffer management

 

Buffer Mangement

From the Optimization step you will usually find time you can save with changing batch sizes and limiting work in process (WIP). From that time saved it allows you the ability to add the needed buffer into the plan to achieve flow. This is what CPM doesn’t do for us, since its primary focus is resource efficiency it inadvertently has us max our utilization of resources all as much as we can which just creates busy people working on a ton of non value add stuff and increases WIP elongating our overall duration.

 
 
 
 

Just like the image above a freeway with 100% utilization is a parking lot! So obviously adding in the buffer makes sense because the likelihood of everything going to plan with no variation is 0% meaning we have to have it in our plan and understand where it is. Either just the CPM expert knows where this is or its thrown in as larger activity durations and weird logic ties that end up making the plan not useful in the first place.

So when bottleneck has been established and is driving your takt time there are a myriad of ways to add in “visible” buffer. These buffers should account for two things, if we understand that the bottleneck is going to be the most utilized resource then we need to allow it some buffer so it is not planned at 100% utilization. It is also added in to account for variation that will occur just like was mentioned above.

 
At first you need to make educated guesses on these other than some basic rules of thumb that can help you:
 
  1. 5% integrated buffer for non bottleneck work packages

  2. use the remaining buffer to systemically support the bottleneck

  3. Use Stability Parametric to know if you have the right Bottleneck buffers vs calculated end buffers.

I am sure there might be more questions and It also happens that we cover these topics in our upcoming class on Takt in construction and we only have a few more spots open so jump in and sign up if you are interested. (Click Here)

 

LITERALLY

The best way to identify your variation and account for it in your work packages is to track this with your roadblock tracking maps and gather data on variation that you caught ahead of time. Also if you are using the Last Planner® System and are tracking PPC & Variances this is the data on items you didn’t resolve and did effect you. With This information you can calculate how much variation you should encounter. It is different for each type of work in construction (health care, industrial, high rise). Thus tracking and accounting for it will be at the company or department level. When you have tracked this historical variation you can use that as a percentage for integrated buffer in work packaging and buffer management.

Here is a video where tracking historical information can help you with planning the same work in the future because the sequence.

 

By now you can see that there is a process and method for accounting for real life (Variation x Utilization x Cycle Time). The more our systems drive less WIP, account for variation, keep us from 100% utilization and standardize these processes we will increase flow and decrease our overall durations of our construction projects.

 
 
 
 

The author of a great article that some of these graphics are from is an Agile Guru from the software side of industry; his name is Adrian Liard and you can check out his original post which is amazing here: https://medium.com/@Adrien_Liard/why-you-should-limit-work-in-progress-and-stop-multitasking-ba7ecd4670f

If you want to learn more we have:

-Takt Virtual Training: (Click here)
-Check out our Youtube channel for more info: (Click here) 
-Listen to the Elevate Construction podcast: (Click here) 
-Check out our training programs and certifications: (Click here)
The Takt Book: (Click here)

Discover Jason’s Expertise:

Meet Jason Schroeder, the driving force behind Elevate Construction IST. As the company’s owner and principal consultant, he’s dedicated to taking construction to new heights. With a wealth of industry experience, he’s crafted the Field Engineer Boot Camp and Superintendent Boot Camp – intensive training programs engineered to cultivate top-tier leaders capable of steering their teams towards success. Jason’s vision? To expand his training initiatives across the nation, empowering construction firms to soar to unprecedented levels of excellence.

On we go!

Excel for Builders

Read 9 min

I have tested hundreds of applications for planning and scheduling in construction. What strikes me is that all of them are trying to read our mind about how we run our business, make assumptions about how we operate, and make generalizations about the dynamics involving the people we employ. Most of them are in love with their application, not us.

Recently I took a Toyota or TPS approach to making long term decisions for scheduling applications in construction. I applied the advice to, “only use proven technologies,” and, “make decisions as a group slowly and implement fast” to the question of what applications I could recommend for construction scheduling. Here is what I found…

Only two softwares come to mind when I think of what I can promote when it comes to planning and scheduling (especially in a Takt system) for construction. At the top of the list is Excel. If Microsoft is doing 1 thing right it is Excel. Many builders achieve a high level of success because they have learned and utilized Excel for their work. I have had the privilege of training and teaching many people like this, and most are further down their career path than those who have not chosen to learn Excel. To give you the same gift, I have chosen to write this blog post where I highlight my favorite tools in Excel and how you can build any schedule with it.

 

 

The image above is a great reference included to help kick start you on an amazing Excel journey. Before you Excel experts click away I have one final offer:

We have a world class training that can teach anyone in construction to use Excel to manage any size of project. You will learn to stabilize your project and give yourself back the time you needed to optimize your operations. Sign up today and come join the builders who have found their work life balance.

(CLICK HERE TO ACCESS) 

 

Here are some of the best tips we have for any Builder wanting to sharpen their skillsets:

Formatting – We will start by showcasing formatting tips to make your content visually appealing and understandable. Please experiment with these on your computer.

Formatting Tips

Fonts & Sizes

Borders

Cell Color Fill

Font Color

Bold, italics, Underline

Justification

Format Cell Alignment

PRO TIP – Format Paint

HOT KEYS – If you want to go fast in Excel, use Hot keys. There are a few that you need to learn to be proficient. I set my left hand by the keyboard ready to use any of the commands below at a moments notice. Here are my favorites:

Hot Keys Tips

Copy – Ctrl + c

Paste – Ctrl + v

Undo – Ctrl + z

Cut – Ctrl + x

Select All – Ctrl + a

Save – Ctrl + s

Find – Ctrl + f

F7 – Spell Check

For more hot keys go here: (Click here)

Move by Highlight – When you need to move something, simply highlight it and move it with your cursor. (beware of merged cells).

Special Paste – Excel has added more paste options so keep testing them out and see what they do. Here are my new favorites:

Special Paste List

Formulas

Formatting

No Boarders

Keep Source Formatting

Values

Values and Source Format

Paste Picture

Paste Link

PRO TIP – Transpose (this takes things that are horizontal and pastes them vertical or Vice a versa.

 

Sum, Count, Average by Highlighting – This will save you a lot of time. At the bottom of your screen you will see the list showing these sums when you highlight a group of cells. This will save you time in needing to create formulas.

 

Creating a List – Ever see people make a drop down of things to pick from? Jealous? Don’t be, just do this:

Step 1 create a list:

Select the Data Tab in the Ribbon and then Data Validation:

Make Sure the Allow has selected (List), and then select the list you just created by clicking this source button:

You just did it, you are now in the cool club:

There are a lot more things to learn, but you can start here and keep learning. Soon enough you will be addicted to Excel and able to complete to use it for your scheduling tasks. If you liked this please drop us a line or a comment.

 

 

If you want to learn more we have:

-Takt Virtual Training: (Click here)
-Check out our Youtube channel for more info: (Click here) 
-Listen to the Elevate Construction podcast: (Click here) 
-Check out our training programs and certifications: (Click here)
The Takt Book: (Click here)

Discover Jason’s Expertise:

Meet Jason Schroeder, the driving force behind Elevate Construction IST. As the company’s owner and principal consultant, he’s dedicated to taking construction to new heights. With a wealth of industry experience, he’s crafted the Field Engineer Boot Camp and Superintendent Boot Camp – intensive training programs engineered to cultivate top-tier leaders capable of steering their teams towards success. Jason’s vision? To expand his training initiatives across the nation, empowering construction firms to soar to unprecedented levels of excellence.

On we go!

Got Buffers?

Read 17 min

The vast majority of professionals in construction are conditioned to add “fluff” to a schedule so they have enough time for their projects. This causes unintended and negative results including:

  • Unreliable Schedules – Because the dates for future activities are not correct or reliable, project teams cannot rely on them. This is what we call, “moving target syndrome” and the real reason why CPM, Bar charts, and gantt charts are abandoned or don’t reflect what is happening in the field.

  • Two Schedules – Because industry teams are trying to hide the fluff in a schedule, they typically keep two schedules-a schedule to drive the actual durations of production, and the other to communicate to the owner.

  • Hidden or Lost Data – When “fluff” is added in the schedule and not notated or visible it can be lost, making it harder to improve or optimize the plan.

  • Fake: SS, FF, Lags – When “fluff” can’t be added to activity duration because of some requirement, most professionals resort to adjusting logic or relationship ties that are hidden and harder to verify what they mean. This is why there are scheduling specifications out there that require a rational for each lag and safeguard each relationship link with special software and reports, but this is over-processing.

  • Lack of Trust – Owners have seen this and is the big reason why there are third party schedule auditors, large CPM specifications, and a negative stigma against time buffers in construction schedules.

Yet there is a very high likelihood that something will happen on our job sites that prevents us from producing work 100% on time according to a “critical path.”

This is called inevitable variation, we live in the real world and just like Mike Tyson said, “Everyone has a plan until they get punched in the mouth”.  This is where we find ourselves, looking for a way to minimize the negatives in the list above. But knowing deep down that we still needing to adjust our schedules for life’s variation thrown at us. So the best of both worlds is planning to get punched in the mouth and having a process on how to deal with it.

A study done by Greg Howell, Marion Russell, Simon Hsiang, and Min Liu identified 47 potential inevitable types of variation that builders may encounter during the life cycle of a project. They examined data from 36 different construction companies across the United States and found these categories were the major rational on why buffers need to be in any construction plan & schedule. Here is a shortened list:

  1. Unique Project Characteristics

  2. Prerequisite Work Not Complete

  3. Detailed Design / Working Method Not Finalized

  4. Labor Force Inefficiency

  5. Equipment and Tools Not Adequate

  6. Materials and Components Not Available

  7. Work / Jobsite Conditions

  8. Management/Supervision/Information Flow Interruption

  9. Weather

Their study shows us that there are many types of fluctuations that we will face in construction and that we will need a few different ways to account for the different types of variation we will face.

In another study about construction buffers by Janosch Dlouhy, Marco Binninger and Shervin Haghsheno we are shown why Takt is the best system for finding available buffer time in our schedules. This gives us a systematic way to account for and visualize these buffers and use them to absorb variation.

Work-packaging & Parallelization

The first step to gaining buffers in a schedule is to focus on work-packaging and parallelization. This means we package work steps into work packages that become Takt wagons.

 
 

When things are “paralleled or packaged” together it obviously allows for more time in our schedule. (See image above)

The process is quite simple. We first understand the sequence of work with the teams input, and we review the time frame identified for each task. The Takt time will become apparent as the packaging process takes place. Work activities will be gathered into Takt wagons which creates our Takt sequence and legend.

Once the work packages (scopes of individual process types) are in a wagon, we then can create the unoptimized takt plan. Just following this step will allow more time than traditional planning. To see this detailed process see this video:

From there you can start to adjust your batch size to find more time to allow us time for buffers. The video above should have explained this well for you.

Batch/lot Size Reduction

Using Little’s Law (a production law) applied for construction, we can find extra time that allows us to add in the buffer at net zero duration change to the original plan. Meaning that if you are on a job right now and are dealing with a tight time frame and falling behind, the best recovery tool that will give you the best chance to finish on or ahead of time is Takt. Click on colored image above for video on Little’s Law Calculation.

 
 
Below is another great visual on ensuring we have the right batch sizes and are properly using parallelization.
 
 
In the image above there are three schedules that have 4 scopes of work to complete. Changing from schedule 1 to 2 is breaking up the work into three sub areas or three small takt zones. If this is completed you can then achieve schedule 3 which is aligning them and finishing as you go. Allowing you 6 time frames from 7-12 that is now able to be used as buffer time to adjust for variation.
 

Harmonization

 
Looking at the image above you can see there are different durations for each activity, and this example also shows that there are some activities are not in some areas. On the Left we see a standard CPM waterfall type representation of a schedule; while on the Right we see the harmonization of the same information with the same overall duration of time per scope of work.
 
 

This is not only doing what some might call line of balancing but it is also allowing for the differences in your production areas and still accounting for the empty takts which should not be considered buffers. If the design changes and all scopes end up being in all areas these “empty takts” would be filled with this work.

Thus, just by harmonizing the sequence and production you will find a large % of time hidden in your schedule.

Logistical Sequencing / Long Running Processes

If you have a list of takt zones that all have the same sequence but one of them has a large amount of work or more work-packages you will be able to sequence the zones in a way that you find lost and hidden time. Prioritizing the longest train first in the logistical sequence will reduce your overall duration. This is a simple one to map out, test it both ways and see what your results are. Just like above the extra time is sitting there just because the overlap of subsequent work.

If you want to read the whole paper by Janosch DlouhyMarco Binninger and Shervin Haghsheno here is the link to their IGLC Paper: (Click here)

 

So how and where are we supposed to add buffers? Here is the answer that we will simplify for you.

We have made a really nice one sheet that will help you as a guide when adding buffers you can download it here for free:

The major buffer types with some examples are:

  • Systemic buffer: This is a buffer type that is naturally a part of the system. An example of this would be Saturday and Sunday at the end of a 5-day Takt time.

  • Empty Takt: This is simply a Takt or cell in Excel that is left empty and serves as a buffer.

  • Takt time buffer: An entire Takt time scale is used as a buffer in the system. Carving out the weeks of Thanksgiving and Christmas as a buffer in the United States is an example of this.

  • Buffer wagon: This is a wagon that serves as a buffer within the Takt sequence.

  • Wagon buffer time: This is a small buffer built into the actual Takt wagon itself. This means the wagon within the Takt time is not planned to be 100% efficient.

  • Calculated end buffer: The CEB is the buffer shown at the end of the project that can be considered the project buffer or contingency in the schedule.

There are buffers at the Takt Time level, Work-package level, the Macro Level, The Takt system level, a cycle time level and just about everywhere we look …. But we can’t just add in buffers everywhere because it would cause waste.

The image below is a simplified way of communicating that there is a point at which there will be too much buffer and that is just as bad as too little.

This turns into a balancing act where we review, watch and monitor each Takt time within the Takt production system and during Takt control. If you have too many buffers you adjust. If you have too little you adjust. And you get it to the optimized spot where the work can proceed clean and steady.

There is one last help we will provide. There is something called the Stability Parametric that shows us when we are balanced with our buffers in our Takt plan. Here is a quick image that will help you see how this works:

This is why there is no Takt plan without buffers and why I titled this post Got Buffers? Because if you don’t…. you are not Takt planning.

If you want to learn more we have:

-Takt Virtual Training: (Click here)
-Check out our Youtube channel for more info: (Click here) 
-Listen to the Elevate Construction podcast: (Click here) 
-Check out our training programs and certifications: (Click here)
The Takt Book: (Click here)

Discover Jason’s Expertise:

Meet Jason Schroeder, the driving force behind Elevate Construction IST. As the company’s owner and principal consultant, he’s dedicated to taking construction to new heights. With a wealth of industry experience, he’s crafted the Field Engineer Boot Camp and Superintendent Boot Camp – intensive training programs engineered to cultivate top-tier leaders capable of steering their teams towards success. Jason’s vision? To expand his training initiatives across the nation, empowering construction firms to soar to unprecedented levels of excellence.

On we go!