What Is VDC In Construction?

We often hear about VDC and BIM in construction, and it seems like a given in today’s industry. But are we taking it seriously enough? In this blog, I will walk you through the different processes involved in Virtual Design and Construction (VDC), some of the commonly used tools, and what you can expect as basic practices that should be part of any project.

What is VDC and BIM in Construction?

Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) is a process that leverages digital tools and technologies to create a virtual representation of a project before it’s physically built and throughout construction. Essentially, VDC allows us to virtually design and construct a project, helping teams foresee issues before they occur on-site. This process often involves Building Information Modeling (BIM), which integrates not just the 3D representation but also ties valuable data to parametric objects in the model. When discussing VDC, it’s more than just 3D modeling. It encompasses any tool that contributes to creating a digital construction environment. Meanwhile, BIM focuses on the specific modeling process where data is attached to elements in the design, enabling tools that optimize the building process.

Processes and Approaches Used in VDC

Here are some key components of VDC that play a crucial role in modern construction:

1. 3D Modeling: Creating digital representations of the building.
2. Digital Collaboration: Collaborating remotely using shared digital tools.
3. Project Visualization: Providing stakeholders with a clear view of the project before actual construction begins.
4. Clash Detection: Identifying issues like overlapping structures early in the design.
5. Cost Estimation: Predicting project costs using 4D models.
6. Construction Sequencing (4D Models): Simulating the construction process over time.
7. Risk Mitigation: Simulating potential risks and analyzing structural integrity.
8. Coordination and Communication: Facilitating clear communication across teams.
9. Facilities Management (6D): Assisting in maintaining buildings by integrating the management system with 3D models.

These processes streamline the building process, reduce errors, and increase collaboration between various stakeholders.

Tools and Software for VDC

Several software tools are used to facilitate VDC processes. Below are a few that I’ve personally used throughout my VDC journey:

1. Autodesk Revit: A must-have for design and live drawings. It’s extensively used in the design phase and for project control.
2. Navisworks Manage: Perfect for clash detection and 4D scheduling.
3. Tecla Structures: Great for structural detailing and reinforcement. I have a particular fondness for this tool, having used it extensively for concrete structures.
4. Trimble Connect: Mainly used for surveying from the model.
5. Synchro Pro: Excellent for creating 4D schedules, allowing you to visualize your model alongside a construction timeline.
6. Assemble Systems: Allows retrieval of valuable data from your models.

While these are just a few examples, having a well-equipped VDC team means having experts in various software that can streamline your processes and make your projects more efficient.

Benefits of 3D and 4D Modeling in Construction

When it comes to 3D modeling, the advantages go beyond mere visualization. It helps teams analyze constructability and clash detection. For example, you can assess whether a footing design interferes with existing excavation plans. 3D modeling provides parametric geometry that enables designers to create detailed plan sets and sections, which they can then print or share. Meanwhile, 4D construction sequencing adds a time dimension to the 3D model. This feature is especially beneficial during the proposal phase and for orienting the project team. Though it still needs some refinement, 4D modeling is highly useful for visualizing how the project will unfold over time.

Facilities Management with 6D Models

Once the building is constructed, VDC extends into facilities management (FM). 6D models integrate the Building Information Model with FM systems, allowing facilities teams to maintain the building efficiently. With access to RFID tags, equipment details, and maintenance schedules directly from the model, teams can keep track of repairs, replacements, and upkeep more effectively.

VDC in IPD and Future Technologies

In Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) environments, VDC is indispensable. It brings together co-located teams with shared goals, making the 3D model a powerful tool for collaboration. Looking ahead, VDC is evolving with technologies like augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), enabling even more immersive and interactive experiences. Reality capture through laser scanning and 360-degree cameras, as well as mobile BIM, are already being used to make construction management more dynamic and accessible.

Conclusion

VDC and BIM are here to stay and will only become more integral to the construction industry. These technologies are proven, and as more companies embrace them, the benefits of reduced errors, better communication, and optimized processes will become the norm. If you’re a contractor, superintendent, or project manager, now is the time to learn about VDC techniques and implement them in your projects. I’ve been fortunate enough to lead BIM teams, participate in IPD and design-build projects, and complete my SAM BAM certification with AGC. The knowledge I’ve gained has been invaluable, and I encourage you to explore these technologies as well.